Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C) is a widely used serial communication protocol that allows multiple integrated circuits to communicate with each other using a common bus.
The protocol is based on a master-slave relationship, where the master device initiates and controls the communication, and the slave devices respond to commands or send data as requested by the master. The master device can send commands to read or write data from/to the slave devices.
Due to its simplicity, versatility, and widespread support in a wide range of devices, I²C is commonly used for various applications, including communication between sensors, microcontrollers, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), display modules, and other peripheral devices in embedded systems, computers, and consumer electronics.